The last sermon of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) holds profound significance in the history of Islam. Delivered on the 9th day of Dhu al-Hijjah in the year 10 AH (632 CE) during the Farewell Pilgrimage, this sermon encapsulates the core principles of Islam and imparts timeless guidance to Muslims across generations. In this article, we will explore the key themes and lessons from the last sermon of the Prophet, emphasizing its enduring relevance in fostering unity, compassion, and social justice.
One of the central themes of Prophet Muhammad’s last sermon is the emphasis on unity and brotherhood among Muslims. He declared, “All mankind is from Adam and Eve, an Arab has no superiority over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab has any superiority over an Arab; also a white has no superiority over a black, nor a black has any superiority over a white – except by piety and good action.”
This profound statement dismantles any notions of racial, ethnic, or social superiority, establishing the fundamental equality of all human beings. The Prophet’s message calls for unity among Muslims, transcending geographical, linguistic, and cultural boundaries, and serves as a timeless reminder of the universal brotherhood in Islam.
In his farewell sermon, Prophet Muhammad emphasized the importance of justice and fairness in society. He cautioned against oppression and exploitation, stating,
"O people, your Lord is one and your father Adam is one. There is no superiority of an Arab over a non-Arab, nor a non-Arab over an Arab, and no superiority of a white over a black, nor a black over a white, except by piety and good action."
This call for justice and equality laid the foundation for a just and compassionate society. It encourages Muslims to uphold principles of fairness, eradicate discrimination, and strive for a society where every individual is treated with dignity and respect.
Another humanity principle is mentioned in this fantastic sermon, as well as some encouraging words.
He emphasized the importance of conveying his message to others. The specific instructions he gave to his followers regarding the transmission of his teachings are as follows:
“O People, no prophet or apostle will come after me, and no new faith will be born. Reason well, therefore, O People, and understand my words, which I convey to you. I leave behind me two things, the Qur’an and my example, the Sunnah, and if you follow these you will never go astray.”
In addition, he made a crucial statement about passing on his message to others:
“All those who listen to me shall pass on my words to others and those to others again, and may the last ones understand my words better than those who listened to me directly. Be my witness, O Allah, that I have conveyed your message to your people.”
My small attempt to pass this messages to humanity.